Student-centered is NOT one of Malcolm Knowles’ six assumptions of adult learners.

• Need-to-know
• Motivation
• Relevancy-oriented
• Student-centered

The correct answer is: Student-centered

Explanation: Malcolm Knowles’ theory on adult learning—Andragogy—highlights that adults need to understand the “why” behind their learning, are motivated by various factors, and are focused on the relevance of learning to their lives. His assumptions do not include a focus on student-centered learning, which is typically associated with pedagogy, the theory of teaching children. Andragogy emphasizes the self-direction of adult learners rather than a student-centered approach.

Read more here: Chapter 28: Delivering Effective Group Professional Development